川西低渗气藏单井地应力计算方法综合研究

四川盆地新场气田是一个低孔低渗的裂缝性砂岩气田，储层物性差，自然产能低，需经压裂后才能投产，压裂后气井增加的产能与压裂的效果密切相关。提前认识储层当前地应力的特征，有助于压裂设计时确定裂缝产状、缝长、缝宽等参数，减少储层水力压裂改造的盲目性，降低中、低渗透油气田开发的风险。通过大量测井资料的计算，确定了新场气田储层地应力的大小和方向，并综合采用微地震测量、岩石声发射资料、古地磁等岩心测试资料和水力压裂等多种方法进行交互验证，各种方法求得的地应力特征十分相近，说明利用测井资料求取储集层地应力原理简单，计算结果符合实际的地应力特征，是一种低风险研究计算储层地应力特征的方法，可以用于指导低渗透油气田的井网部署和储层的单井压裂改造。     

In-Situ observation on microfracture behavior ahead of the crack tip in 63Sn37Pb solder alloy

in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tensile tests on as-cast and aged 63Sn37Pb solder alloys were conducted, and the fracture behavior in nanometer scale ahead of the crack tip was inspected and discussed. Results show that the fracture was completed by connecting the discontinuous cracks or voids. Dislocation behavior was concentrated along the grain boundaries for as-cast samples, and displayed mainly as dislocation climb. The crack was intergranular dominated under the lower strain rate. While remarkable mutual dislocation emission was detected in the aged solder. Transgranular cracks were dominant in the fractured area, and they propagated by linking up with the nanometer scale cracks ahead of the crack tips under the effective promotion of the inverse dislocation emission. At the same time, the partial interphase or intergranular cracks in the thinned area were also found. Under this condition, a new critical stress intensity factor K _c ^′ to define the mutual dislocation emission was proposed.     

Amorphous diffusion bonding of steel pipe and its impact toughness

An iron-based amorphous foil (FeNiCrSiB) was used as an interlayer for the amorphous diffusion bonding of low carbon steel pipes under argon flux. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were analyzed using an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), tensile test, bending test and impact test. The results show that the joint microstructure resembles that of the base metal and no precipitates form at the joint. Melting point depressants (B, Si) diffuse far away from the joint and the base metal element is homogenous across the joint. The joint impact toughness is greater than the base metal toughness and the mechanical properties of the joint are similar around the pipe.     

崇明岛市政基础设施发展战略研究

上海“八次党代会”提出:“制定崇明岛总体开发规划,加快越江通道工程等基础设施建设,积极做好崇明开发工作”。未雨绸缎,市建委于去年6月就对崇明岛市政基础设施发展战略立题展开研究。通过分析研究崇明岛市政基础设施建设现状、整个上海市政基础设施发展背景、国家“西气东输”“西电东送”及沿海道路、铁路大通道等跨省市的市政基础设施未来发展方向等,提出了崇明岛市政基础设施发展“7+2”战略要点:     

磷矿的电选试验研究

清水沟中低品位磷矿性质复杂，嵌布粒度细，磨至-0．174mm 92．8％，通过振动—气流联合作用摩擦荷电，采用悬浮电选机经-粗-精-扫电选。可由含P2O5为24．47％的原矿获得含P2O5为30．23％。回收率为83．26％，杂质含量合格的磷精矿。     

蓝湿皮酶软化的特性研究

以自行研制的一种复合酶为软化剂 ,研究了 p H值、反应温度、反应时间、酶用量以及铬含量对猪蓝湿皮软化效果的影响 ,其软化效果以软化液中羟脯氨酸的浓度增量来表征。研究结果表明 :通过蓝湿皮软化来改善成品革的质量是可行的 ,而且有明显的效果 ;以软化液中羟脯氨酸的浓度来表征软化效果是一个有效的方法 ;当用该复合酶软化猪蓝湿皮时 ,最适 p H值范围为 6 .0 - 6 .5 ;反应温度在 4 0 - 6 5℃之间时 ,软化效果随温度的升高而增大 ;在 5 5℃条件下 ,该酶有很好的热稳定性 ,能长时间保持活力不衰减 ;最适酶用量为 30 0 U/ g试样 ;蓝湿皮的铬含量对软化效果有影响 ,用该方法处理的蓝湿皮 ,其铬离子质量含量一般应≤ 2 .5 %。     

Dye-sensitized solar cell based on nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> with 3–10 nm in diameter

Nanocrystalline TiO₂ with 3–10 nm in diameter was prepared with a surfactant-template method. Dye-sensitized solar cells were assembled using the prepared nanocrystalline TiO₂ with large surface area and high crystallinity, which achieved significant higher Jsc when compared to cells fabricated with bigger particles of 25 nm in diameter. In the cells with nanocrystalline TiO₂, the sintering temperature drastically affected the conversion performance of the cells.     

自适应传输速率MAC层协议的探讨

随着无线通信技术的发展和器件性能的提高,无线网络有能力支持更高的数据传输速率.随之而来的问题是如何提高网络的性能,即根据无线信道的状况而自适应地改变传输参数.文中讨论了媒体访问控制(MAC)层协议上多跳无线网络自适应传输速率的技术方案.该方案运用自适应调制和编码技术,可以最大限度地利用信道的容量,根据不同终端报告的信道情况提供个性的调制与编码选择;对位置较好的用户提供高速率的数据服务,增加系统的吞吐率;并且由于信道的自适应是通过改变调制和编码的方式,而不是像功率控制那样改变发射功率,因此系统中干扰变化很小.